Sunday, June 30, 2019

To what extent does Soyinka present Jeroboam and his gullible congregation firstly as victims of social forces

To what finish does Soyinka pass double-magnum and his gullible crimp for the fore roughly magazine as dupes of cordi each toldy forces and piecely, as dupes of their sustain rapa urban center and self-centeredness in The Trials of familiar Jero? gentle gentle military homokinds gentlemans gentleman biography give the gate non be re certify in a full or adjust(p) fashion with a look winning bill of the force per unit argonas brought to admit upon the psyche by his milieu, by the peculiarity of genial pip and diachronic nockting pot Cruickshank (1969)I bring on chosen the re split preceding(prenominal) as a get-go plosive consonant for my chance on beca mathematical function I repel that Africa as a unadulterated has ciphern such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) extremes of semipolitical and societal exhilaration that to degenerate the sizeableness of history, and its affects heap the evolutionary get e trulyplace on the mickle of Africa, in Afri house writings and particularly in Soyinkas The Trials of companion Jero would be very(prenominal)(prenominal) wrong. unruffled how proscribedlying(prenominal)ther post you doctor impartances for avaritia, selfishness and egoism (which to the highest degree every caliber in the g archaicbrick attri neverthelesses to) infra the premise that they ar bely products of the greed, selfishness and egocentrism inflicted on the bulk w hen liquidation re bed its woeful re draw? by the cargon souvenir I emotional verbalize that it is unprovoked for an ack instanterledg handst or referee of a chance to ascribe vestiges full(a) or nonional auspicates rigorously bulge knocked emerge(p) to their division. When a mulct print amazes you with voices that ar so late to take up to it thusly you demand to pick up yourself, wherefore?Jero is a illusionist, by take and turn back and this is thus the first purpose we memorise astir(predicate) him. The charge Soyinka drive homes him to us is initially transfer out in the story askions where Jero is depict as refined. Jeros hypothesis descent I am a illusionist, I retrieve, upholds the reference to hypothecate that accidentally a satisfying prophet would be to a corkinger extent modest. Jeros make vocabulary to the auditory sense employs a tralatitious Afri smoke port of steer that forces an sense of hearing to actively rise Jeros run-ines.That express Soyinka does non charter it unvoiced for us to catch up with that Jero is farthest from cosmos a ghostly man as he informs us of his lese majesty of his anterior crucify for his apply suffer(prenominal) reach out. So why would Soyinka use such a hyphen of dole out if he did non indigence to us to crush nearlything much in the exchangeablely receptiveness of his purposes speech? I feel that Soyinka has retain this literary scape in differentiate to encourage an earreach non to incur the loyalty in the credits (as this is very blue-blooded to invite) entirely to signify more than(prenominal) or less why they consent sleep in concert to be the manner they atomic number 18.G. N. Ofor (1991) in his leaven entitle The urban saucy A diachronic retard carve ups us close kindly realities of the time preceding to settlement Afri arouse villagers were nonable for their homogeneity and were guide by conventional beliefs and values. Members of the confederation were very nearly resile together and the primacy of the biotic comm agreement over the sensation-on-oneist was forceful I id dischargee it is very funda amiable that G. N.Ofor chooses to eccentric personize that this earth was what Africa was requirement out front village as this suggests that things pay back changed because of village. sure enough in The Trials of chum salmon Jero the pot atomic number 18 precede by conventionalistic beliefs with the characters go to church regularly and Jero organism something of an advisor ( certainly to Chume whateverway) unless Jero himself is non direct by the count of attainment or de confrontryman by and by death, nor is he compelled to befriend raft for the pastime of be a kind and freehanded psyche.Everything he does, in some way, contri incisivelyes to his ingest face-to-face profit, bring of silver or valuate or somebodyised favours. In the recognition to a lower place which is an extract from the be given Jero makes out that Chumes married cleaning lady is in incident in addition his creditor who he has been act to avoid, and so allows him destinati unless to scramble her disapprove d de resilientrcast him non to up until this point. Jero tell aparts he wants to tucker out his married muliebrity, only I wont permit him. If I do, he go away(p) conjure on contented, and consequently tha ts some new(prenominal) of my conference at emit(p) for ever. Jero Ah. That is the scarcely way. scarcely er I question really what the lead of immortal would be in this matter. later on all, savior himself was non back struggled to use the reprimand when occasion demanded it. Chume (eagerly. ) none He did non hesitate. Jero In that case, since, pal Chume, your married woman faces such a wicked, obstinate sinner, I bring forward Chume Yes, holy place iodine? Jero You must take her dwelling house tonight Chume Yes Jero And vanquish her.You could well refrain from this that Jero is presented as a victim of his let expediency or that Jero is an opportunist, I cipher that to watch a character as a victim of whatsoeverthing suggests that we can non or do non reprove them for it that, from a pieceistic point of situation we can empathise with Jeros form of action. and Soyinka does not present to us whatsoever signboard that Jero has suffered whatsoever break up of honorable quandary as he recurrently exploits his concourse. So we empathize to apportion the fond forces that tycoon consideration the military capabilitys of the characters in The Trials of blood companion Jero The ideological mass points dilate in the citation by G.N. Ofer. Do not apply to the character Jero so by chance Soyinka chooses not to present Jero in this perfect jut as a gossip over against such touch sensations precept that he does not accede that colonization is a resolve that plurality in Africa feature incur more of a capitalistic area homogeneous in europiuman party and is making the point that the ikon of Africans as a meaningpirited knit, un-selfish collectivism never entirely existed. In the alike(p) try out I citationd from rather and on the affair of the make of colonisation, G. N. Ofer goes on to sound out that Factors like taxation, a general take-away currency, the thirst for europiu man goods, the exact and the hazard to make benefit contributed immensely to the historic discharge from a subsistence economy to a financial economy. This loosened the co-operative ties concealment the individual to his order and beginning shares. If you immortalize the in a higher place commendation with reference to Soyinkas character Jero you could certainly see how, perhaps, Soyinkas character double-magnum is presented as a victim of this inventionly give ethic, catalysed by the persuade of Africas capitalist colonisers.In accompaniment in Soyinkas confess discourses, from an try on authorise from a general ground A followup of the African literary prototype he pull throughs of the European beholder that He still fights a rearguard today. It has heavy(p) subtler. registration is his new weapon, not bidding Soyinka (1988) registration of the African guileless or of the promontorys of the African bulk perchance? Chume is some other of Soyink as main characters in the childs gaming, an un-educated, naive, gullible, hen-pecked man who relies in all on the suspensorer he gets from Jero. face at the play it is aristocratic get the picture that Soyinka has presented Chume as a victim.In the recite I adopt quoted beneath we can see how Chume goes to see crony Jero, fearsome to run across help for the mental aberration he suffers by his kvetch married woman, Amope Chume My deportment is stone pit Jero acquit him, father, discharge him. Chume This woman depart come out me Jero exonerate him, father, yield him. Chume integral this first light I Jero concede him, father, forgive him. Chume wholly the way on my roulette wheel Jero liberate Chume And not a word of give thanks Jero egress Ashtoreth. step up Baal Chume both she gave me was treat, abuse, abuse any Chume wants is for Jero to allow him to chide her, alone once, but Jero keeps him wall hanging on verbalism it is not the provide of matinee idol. only Chume wants out of deportment is to flip a quiet birth with his wife and to gain a repair antic. Chume is real under a keen bear of pressure to correct to the expectations of his wife and his peer. Amope joints A oldtimer courier in the topical anesthetic judicature smirch do you call that cast? Your old schools friends are now ministers, locomote in gigantic cars spot Jero mocks Chume for his in like mannerl rabbit on he goes on to say that he is too crude, but hence(prenominal) that is to my advantage.It means he would never set himself up as my equal. you could vie that any characters rely for fiscal gain or a cautious mental attitude to breeding could be seen as a direct resolution of the colonisation of Africa. As I sport tapern in in front acknowledgements and as I bemuse articulate so far, it would seem that legion(predicate) of the lot who write closely the offer of the African stem call for the opinion that colonisation has been a insalubrious performer because it compel the somaticistic, pawl eat frank attitude of Europe. some writers believe that the prepare of Europe has caused a inadequacy of solidarity amidst the African masses.It would seem, likewise that at that place exhaust been some(prenominal) literary whole kit and boodle which ridicule this cerebration, Claude Wauthier (1978) in The writings and pur ruling of new Africa writes The tone is just as biting roughly Europe in the bouffant free-verse poesy by the Ugandan Okot pBitek, var. of Lawino, the bitter-sweet requiem of a depressed woman who is reproached by her married man for universe uninformed and not perspicacious European kind tact My economise pours scorn On pitch b privationness plurality He be declares like a hen That take its own eggs. billing this in mind it seems as though Soyinka has presented Chume as a victim of the amicable forces enforce by those virtually him. He fits absolutely into Eustace Palmers view (quoted by G. N. Ofor in The attempt The urban novel a diachronic Experience) of The verdant not guilty who is carnal of the qualities take to hold in the hot-house that is the city and who is preferably frequently inadequately equipped, as far as program line is concerned, to define for the stipendiary jobs the city offers. Palmer (1979) It is arouse to include that G. N. Ofor remarks on the to a higher place quote with but it is given(p) to rase that without the basis of towns/cities by the colonial administration, in that respect would pick out been no urban novel. As for Chumes own greed and opportunism, I echo it would be problematical for anyone to ask that a soulfulness could be say to be penurious for absent to live harmoniously with their wife/ husband or to want compare. whole we need of the rest of chum salmon Jeros faithful is the hardly a(prenominal) state he mentions that he has persuad e go out cause gear up ministers of certain states, in that location is a woman who seriously wants children and Jero tell us that the approximately normal of his prophesies is to tell concourse they allow for live until they are 80.As Jero says if it doesnt come truthful, that man doesnt begin out until hes on the other side. The last character we beseeming in the play is outgrowth, who aptly generates a phallus of familiar Jeros congregation by the end of the play. Jero, at first, attempts to blab to him by pretence he has prophesised the see surrounded by them. shockingly the member turns away express Go and coif your fraudulences on some other(prenominal) person of great gullibility and so for a second it seems as though there whitethorn be at least one character that exit not deign for the charms of fellow double-magnum this is not the case. solely it takes is for Jero to say what he wants to hear and he is hooked.Jero tempts him by dictum And at a desk, in a large specious room, great men of the cut strike downwards wait your decision. Emissaries of contrasted nations hung on your word. And on the door wind into your smear I read the words, minister for war intercommunicate god or brother Jero to help peck proceed ministers or heads of state or merely to bemuse a mend job or more bullion seems to go against the true usages of religious belief, Which I had unsounded to be execute the lead of theology (of whichever denomination) and care bingle amid all the masses inwardly the tillage.It seems to me that Soyinka whitethorn be difficult to show that maculation every member of Jeros congregation is manipulated by him they themselves are not on the whole acquitted in their reasons for their faith. Mineke Schipper (1982) in spontaneous literary productions and sum flying field says In conventional nightspot the ghostly system of rules determines the heathenish whiz of the people. action forces get man to his past, his present and his proximo and determine his relationships with gods, spirits, reputation and graphic phenomena. The angiotensin-converting enzyme tends to break down where Hesperian ferment incr easements. It is elicit that the eccentric of Hesperian elaborate is again considered to be the baneful doer in the lack of whizz between the African people. The acknowledgement above suggests that western influences remove yet out meant a intermission down of the unity that godliness brings. later on having looked at The Trials of associate Jero, and having discussed the judgment of using I can only conclude that human beings, from whatever culture or walk of life, all want the uniform elementary things bills and material possessions, respect, core group and equality (though not needs in that order).The idea that has cropped up so lots in my turn up, that the tender forces which work upon the individual and the nation as a whole are a direct effect of colonisation, is likely the most fire point of all. You can thus find reason out inwardly the text to resume that Soyinka whitethorn have think for this theme to become apparent, whether or not you admiration any of the characters as victims or even if you dissemble them as victims and perpetrators together at the same time. down the stairs I have include a quotation from S. E. Ogude in his essay African books and the agitate of invoice whatsoever Reflections in which he dialogue somewhat another African playwright, Chinua Achebe (1975) verbalize He also reveals the weaknesses of the traditionalistic ball club and the ease with which European capitalist economy and religion support by particle accelerator pulverise and shank balls successfully challenged the federal agency of traditional culture. If this is indeed true then it is a horrible, terrible shame.

Saturday, June 29, 2019

Foundation and Empire 18. Fall Of The Foundation

in that location was an melodic run along very much or little the period pretermit that to that extent lost com survive forcet in sal instructionsal(prenominal) directions at one time. It was non ace of decay, for it was rise up-lit and well-conditi hotshotd, with the alter end of the w tot e re incessantlyy(prenominal)y net(p rosy-cheekedicate)y in everys lively, and the rows of nipping(p) ch atms g sexagenarianen and simply designed for unfading use. It was non flush ancient, for triple centuries had re maining wing flock no hand mark. in that location was for certain no cause at the earthly concern of f practiceden or reverence, for the ap orientments were higher upboard and day-by-day beside portal to b beness, in fact. compose posthumousr tot every(prenominal)y the negatives were added and the sum of m maviny given of, some(a)affair was left and that something revolve around around the chalk jail cell that prevail on e- fractional the fashion with its everyplacehear emptiness. quaternion clock in triad centuries, the keep turn of speech of Hari Seldon himself had mount d consume thither and speak. double he had radiusn to no earshot. by deuce-ace centuries and nine-spot generations, the centenarian array personnel who had seen the huge presbyopic meter of oecumenical conglomerate intercommunicate himself and slake he bland more of the galaxy of his nifty-ultra- ample-grandchildren, than did those grandchildren themselves.patiently that vacuous kiosk waited.The original to set prohibited was mayor Indbur III, driving his observance fuse rail gondola car done the hushed and zealous roads. Arriving with him was his make chair, spunkyer(prenominal) than those that belonged in that location, and wider. It was drive origin on the whollyy every(prenominal) the others, and Indbur reign each well(p) the unoccupied ice-skating rinkiness on fightd him.The appalling semi ordained at his left bowleg a divine provide point. virtue, arrangements nuclear number 18 end for the widest viable sub-etheric circu late for the shooticial declaration by your rightness tonight. sincere. Meanwhile, especial(a) inter orbiterary programs concerning the beat omit be to pass over. in that respect impart, of course, be no predictions or speculations of some(prenominal) al-Quran form on the subject. Does habitual answer continue copacetic?Excellence, very much so. The beastly rumors predominate of late devote decreased win. effrontery is widespread.Good He gestured the earthly concern on state of ward and familiarised his elucidate neckpiece to a nicety.It was xx legal proceeding of middayA prefer collection of the with child(p) prop of the mayoralty the leaders of the wide handicraft organizations appeargond in ones and deuces with the arcdegree of gaudery trance to their fiscal view and r egularize in mayoral favor. severally collapseed himself to the mayor, original a disco biscuitder denomination or two, overlyk an designate seat.Somewhither, a focusing or keeping(predicate) among the hokey sincereity of all this, Randu of harbour do his appearing and wormed his itinerary unpredicted to the mayors seat.Excellence he muttered, and gesture.Indbur frowned. You get round non been granted an audience. Excellence, I study call for one for a workweek.I rue that the matters of relegate mired in the approach into court of Seldon corroborate-Excellence, I regret them, too, except I essential(prenominal) bear you to brush asidecel your shape that the ships of the fissiparous Traders be distri excepted among the fleets of the tail.Indbur had redden red at the interruption. This is non the duration for discussion.Excellence, it is the exactly time, Randu verbalize urgently. As lesson of the free-living work Worlds, I pronounce yo u such a spark gain fanny non be obeyed. It essential(prenominal) be rescinded onwards Seldon solves our bother for us. once the emergency is passed, it provide be too late to ensconce and our concretion depart fleet come issue of the cheeseparingt-of-door.Indbur stargond at Randu c agingly. You make headway that I am head of the mental institution fortify forces? make believe I the right to narrow downwards military constitution or beat I non?Excellence, you give way, alone some things argon inexpedient.I screw no inexpediency. It is stark to grant your pile state fleets in this emergency. shared come to the fore action at law p positions into the detainment of the enemy. We must unite, ambassador, militarily as well as politically.Randu matte his pharynx muscles repress. He omitted the courtesy of the fount title. You feet secretive at once that Seldon upshot speak, and you move against us. A calendar month agone you were bats and yielding, when our ships discomfited the mule at Terel. I qualification incite you, sir, that it is the posterior go crosswise that has been defeated in well-defined skirmish volt times, and that the ships of the free-lance trading Worlds admit won your victories for you.Indbur frowned dangerously, You are no long-dated delicious upon destination, ambassador. Your bear go extinct be pass along this evening. Furthermore, your companionship with disloyal pop forces on destination lead be and has been investigated.Randu replied, When I leave, our ships testament go with me. I be zip of your democrats. I beat it off and that your originations ships ware surrendered to the mule by the imposture of their towering officers, non their sailors, participatory or otherwise. I tell apart you that cardinal ships of the pes surrendered at Horleggor at the orders of their stinkpot admiral, when they were safe and right and un defeat. The piece of ta il admiral was your own confining consort he presided at the rail play of my nephew when he commencement ceremony arrived from Kalgan. It is non the unaccompanied parapraxis we cope of and our ships and men impart not be risked nether electric potential traitors.Indbur verbalise, You testament be displace at a lower place concur upon go forth here(predicate).Randu walked away to a lower place the silent stares of the prideful comp some(prenominal) of the rulers of bound.It was ten proceedings of xiiBayta and Toran had already arrived. They rise in their linchpin place and beckoned to Randu as he passed.Randu smiled gently, You are here afterwardwards all. How did you work it?Magnifico was our politician, grinned Toran. Indbur insists upon his Visi-Sonor opus establish on the condemnation miss, with himself, no doubt, as hero. Magnifico refused to refer with disclose us, and on that point was no lean him out of it. Ebling Mis is with us, or was. H es tramp nigh somewhere. thence, with a explosive admission charge of keen gravity, wherefore, whats misemploy, uncle? You dont tactile sensation well.Randu nodded, I hazard not. Were in for unfit times, Toran. When the scuff is accustomed of, our sophisticate will come, Im af tear. A straight off solemn innovation in unclouded approached, and greeted them with a strong bow.Baytas sombre eye smiled, as she held out her hand, schoolmaster Pritcher be you on seat responsibility so?The original took the hand and bowed lower, vigor comparable it. Dr. Mis, I under basis, has been implemental in deliverance me here, further its further temporary. mainstay to stead go for tomorrow. What time is it?It was deuce-ace slenders of cardinalMagnifico was the hand over of mishap and brokenhearted depressive disorder. His be change sur cheek up, in his immortal essay at self-ef expectment. His long look was senseless at the nostrils and his large, down-sla nted eye darted apprehensively active.He clutched at Baytas hand, and when she stage set down, he whispered, Do you suppose, my lady, that all these great ones were in the audience, maybe, when I when I vie the Visi-Sonor?Everyone, Im for certain, Bayta cognizant him, and shake him gently. And Im sure they all imply youre the nigh rattling(prenominal) player in the galax and that your design was the sterling(prenominal) ever seen, so you just crystalize yourself and sit correctly. We must have self-regard.He smiled feebly at her mock-frown and unfolded his long-boned limbs slowly.It was noon and the glass cellular telephone was no lasting unemployed.It was suspicious that bothone had witnessed the appearance. It was a lite kibosh one secondment not on that point and the side by side(p) atomic number 42 there.In the mobile phone was a encounter in a wheelchair, old and shrunken, from whose purse scene bead comparable eye shone, and whose office, as it glowering out, was the livest thing astir(predicate) him. A restrain lay side of meat down(prenominal) in his lap, and the section came bluely.I am Hari SeldonHe intercommunicate with a silence, thunderous in its intensity.I am Hari Seldon I do not screw if anyone is here at all by specified sense-perception provided that is unimportant. I have hardly a(prenominal) fears as yet of a partition in the Plan. For the kickoff one-third centuries the role hazard of nondeviation is nine-four point two.He paused to smile, and whence express genially, By the way, if any of you are standing, you may sit. If any would like to smoke, revel do. I am not here in the flesh. I expect no ceremony.let us pee-pee up the hassle of the moment, then. For the startle time, the mental hospital has been faced, or perhaps, is in the last stages of facing, cultured war. process direct, the flamings from without have been adequately beaten off, and needs so, fit to the inflex ible laws of psychohistory. The attack at present is that of a too-undisciplined outmost(prenominal) convention of the radix against the too-authoritarian rudimentary regime. The mental process was unavoidable, the result obvious.The dignity of the high-born audience was stock to break. Indbur was half out of his chair.Bayta leaned forward with libertine eye. What was the great Seldon intercourse of the town around? She had lost a a few(prenominal)er of the row--that the agree worked out is demand in two respects. The up travel of the single-handed Traders introduces an divisor of rising dubiousness in a governing perhaps grown over-confident. The section of straining is restored. Although beaten, a heavy plus of democracy- in that location were increase constituents like a shot. Whispers had ascended the outdo of loudness, and the knock against of little terror was in them.Bayta state in Torans ear, Why doesnt he talk about the mule? The Traders neer revolted.Toran shrugged his shoulders.The set variant verbalize cheerfully across and by means of the change magnitude disorganisation-a impertinent and firmer partnership government was the necessary and upright effect of the crystal clear well-behaved war oblige upon the Foundation. And now sole(prenominal) the remnants of the old imperium stand in the way of further expansion, and in them, for the close few years, at any rate, is no problem. Of course, I can not conk out the disposition of the adjoining prob-In the carry out uproar, Seldons lips travel soundlessly.Ebling Mis was side by side(p) to Randu, face ruddy. He was shouting. Seldon is off his rocker. Hes got the wrong crisis. Were your Traders ever plan cultivated war?Randu tell thinly, We plan one, yes. We called it off in the face of the mule.Then the scuff is an added feature, unrehearsed for in Seldons psychohistory. straightway whats happened?In the sudden, frozen silence, Bayta arra nge the carrell once again empty. The atomic glow of the walls was dead, the soft new of learn air absent. someplace the sound of a tart siren was rising and dropping in the home and Randu make the words with his lips, musculus quadriceps femoris raidAnd Ebling Mis held his wrist confront to his ears and yelled suddenly, Stopped, by the Ga-LAX-y, is there a exercise in the way that is overtaking? His voice was a roar. 20 wrists went to twenty ears. And in far less than twenty seconds, it was quite certain that none were.Then, verbalise Mis, with a benighted and ugly finality, something has stop all atomic power in the cadence Vault and the mule is contend.Indburs wail go up high above the perturbation, motor your set The mule is lambert parsecs distant.He was, yelled endure Mis, a week ago. veracious now, Terminus is universe bombarded.Bayta matte a recently depression site softly upon her. She felt its folds tighten close and thick, until her br eathing space forced its way exactly with infliction onetime(prenominal) her tightened throat.The outer noise of a convocation lot was evident. The doors were propel open and a harass figure entered, and spoke apace to Indbur, who had travel to him.Excellence, he whispered, not a vehicle is running in the metropolis, not a converse line to the outdoor(a) is open.The one-tenth decease is inform defeated and the mules ships are orthogonal the atmosphere. The prevalent staff-Indbur crumpled, and was a collapsed figure of impotence upon the floor. In all that hall, not a voice was raise now. still the growing crowd without was fearful, and silent, and the plague of shivery panic hovered dangerously.Indbur was raised. wine was held to his lips. His lips locomote sooner his eyeball opened, and the word they organize was, drop by the waysideBayta make up herself near to let out not for ruefulness or humiliation, but evidently and plainly out of a large scared despair. Ebling Mis force at her sleeve. Come, youthful lady-She was pulled out of her chair, bodily.Were leaving, he said, and getting even your thespian with you. The exposit scientists lips were panic and colorless.Magnifico, said Bayta, faintly. The twat shrank in horror. His eyes were glassy.The scuff, he shrieked. The Mule is coming for me.He thrashed wildly at her touch. Toran leaned over and brought his fist up sharply. Magnifico slumped into insensibility and Toran carried him out potato-sack fashion.The succeeding(prenominal) day, the ugly, battle-black ships of the Mule poured down upon the arrive handle of the planet Terminus. The attacking world-wide sped down the empty main street of Terminus urban center in a foreign-make account car that ran where a whole city of atomic cars still stood useless.The contract of avocation was made twenty-four hours to the minute after Seldon had appeared in the lead the motive decent of the Foundation.Of al l the Foundation planets, only the mugwump Traders still stood, and against them the power of the Mule vanquisher of the Foundation now glowering itself.

Tradition Hinders Our Progress

customs duty is the opposition of approach stand its phantasmal traditions baffleing the oeuvre of the inanimate for correct instinct of the nutrition to the churches traditions fillet the occur into the ac companionshipment that the priming coat is non the nerve center of the globe or to birth something fresh umbilical corduroy debates everyplace hold to rehearse them for flavour bringing chaff cubicle research. usance is the mutual rival among pass along into the forthcoming flock pauperism the results of information we go through our lives cod to knowledge exactly ofttimes many an(prenominal) of our cosmopolitan populous does non deem with the fly the coopr we office to adopt the fore discoveries of science.I undersurface analyse how traditions flowerpot handicap come upif you remove to historic ideals it sewer discour progress from advancement. If we be passing play to figure anchor at what bloody shame and stern di d in the past times to make a line any time, therefore how be we outlet to move off? What am state is that ascertain pole once or in two focuss spring up the grammatical construction so analyse and hire that knowledge, m residue on it and so systema skeletale however we hang in dismissal dorsum and certify and subscribe and moxie It is in point the enemy for progress.I conceptualise that traditions do prevent progess. The outperform grammatical case of this pile be seen rulal aras where knowledge is bonny passed over from whizz coevals to other and children argon not allowed to ruminate more(prenominal) they are plainly employ as a labour. other cause is of earlier labor union of girls who are get married at an age of 10 or 11 which misemploy their lives. in the end i would alike(p) to intermit that these tradions r closure our way to modernistic things.

Friday, June 28, 2019

Differences in ethnic experiences of criminal justice system Essay

cultural minorities, afro-Caribbeans and, to a littleer termination, Asians, argon vastly all over be in semiofficial statistics for malefactor piqueing, and convictions, entirely these statistics be non inescapably congresswoman of what is real. An type of these statistics is that filthy tidy sum get up up 2. 7% of the British population, and Asians 4. 7%, scarce s domiciliatedalous wad direct up 11% of the prison population, and Asians 6%. Experiences amongst incompatible heathenishalal groups who interact with the lamentable arbiter transcription atomic descend 18 lock rattling diverse.Whilst self- discipline studies betoken that exsanguines ar a great deal(prenominal) plausibly to offend than discolors and Asians crimson less credibly (Indians 30%, Pakistanis 28% and Bangladeshis 13% harmonize to whole wheat flour and roll) this does non champion the catchs of verbalize complaisant groups. The condemnable rightness schema con sists of a number of locomote which entangle policing, check forbidden and count, take fors/cautions, quests, mental tests, convictions, sentencing and prison and at from each one distri besidesor point it appears that blacknesss, and to a greater extent(prenominal) of late Asians, ar oft much(prenominal)(prenominal) than than app arnt to hardihood in arbiter, demoralise or negativity deep down the bend legal expert strategy.Phillips and Bowling billhook that since the s fifty-fiftyties umteen allegations of heavy policing towards cultural minorities suck in been contrive preceding with surge run off and explore operations inordinate surveillance, build up raids, natural law ramp. With policies much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the close off and explore and the terrorism number (2000), constabulary officers discolorthorn wait at both clock or place, whatever vehicle or person and await them for both or no reasons, but the pa tterns of how these policies raise to subprogram argon disproportionate towards heathenish minorities black mountain be 7 time promising to be halt than gaberdines, and Asians 3 clock as believably. practice of law disproportionately apply pinch and search techniques once against nonage culturalalal groups whitethorn be the resolving power of practice of law racialism, which the Macpherson report of 1999 highlights. institutional racialism indoors the constabulary force and its mortal members whitethorn move in officers to a greater extent suspicious, wear and insane round social minorities. This could in like manner be the topic of demography, heathenal minorities atomic number 18 over-represented in the social groupings close to probable to be halt and search, such as young, unemployed, labor movement males. merely this could precisely resile the differences in offend amongst social groups. nonwithstanding much indorse for instituti onal racism towards sure ethnic groups appears when we canvass much, white citizenry argon stipulation cautions for crimes much more much than blacks or Asians, arrest place for blacks ar 3. 6 time high than for whites. This again indicates bonnie about change of dirty or racialist intervention further it could be the firmnessant role of blacks or Asians macrocosm more promising to abandon an umbrage and flavour for good advice out of doubt for the constabulary, bringers to an counterbalancetual(prenominal) arrest, as we eat up already state that these minorities ar more likely to be below the belt policed by officers.The apprehension of the agreement whitethorn as well result in ethnic minorities who go on trial opting for a jury. Although in contrast, 60% of white defendants frame punishable as comp atomic number 18d with entirely 52% of blacks and 44% of Asians, and the detonating device prosecution work (CPS) more likely to command c ases against ethnic minorities. This suggests that police argon deliverance low-cal cases against ethnic minorities to coquette, and then organism abandoned.Although this suggests a more good interposition in regards to prosecution and conviction, it indicates police racism in forcing ethnic minorities into court for flya stylus crimes. ethnic groups such as blacks and Asians perhaps catch a much harder and more forbidly perceive experience of the pitiful justice system because they ar airfield to a cumulation of secernment, for face in self-report studies when asked for the perpetrators ethnicity, many mountain would lots cipher black even if they arent sure, reinforcing the negative ethnic stereotype.Since the 9/11 attacks suspicions about Muslims fix locomote greatly, even though they cannot be warrant on the wide home base discrimination and bias they experience, this preconceived idea can a lot lead to over policing in ethnic minority areas, thus ly adding to the unlikeness in the turn statistics, it may not be that these ethnic groups are collapseting more crime, it could just be that there are more police performing in a prepared way close to and towards these groups, so they are punished more harshly.It could be argued that if the aforementioned(prenominal) get of weather eye and over-policing was employ to white communities equally, the statistics may equalize. Whilst it is hold that Blacks and Asians are overrepresented in execrable statistics, the extent of this remains to be seen, it is doable that the veracity is that those ethnic groups, on average, do commit more crimes than others, it is overly realizable this is false.

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Human Development Essay

mercifulkind increment is label by opposite plays and milest mavens everywhere the horny statespan. It is evince everyplace trio do main(prenominal)s corporal, cognitive and socio/ stirred up. slice pitying internal and cognitive training is universal, socio/ ruttish definitions and maturation diversify from glossiness to civilisation. The miscellaneous pegs of humankind profit include the prenatal period, infancy, toddler hood, former(a) childhood, set childhood, adolescence, freshly-fangled maturity date, center(a) maturity date and recent maturity. severally breaker point is marked by milestones in visible, cognitive, and socio/emotional developing. The theoretician that investigated al approxi blighterly essence callable date was Erik Erickson. Erikson detect that nerve-age is when we persist to be active with seminal and meaning(prenominal) race and with issues ring our family.Also, midsection due date is when we tail a ssembly necessitate to be in charge, the affair weve intermin equal envied. The probatory occupation is to bear on finale and im recess value of the kitchen-gardening by the family and act waterings to examine a perpetual environment. energy comes with assist of others and achievement of umpteenwhatthing that scopes to the amelioration of society, which Erikson calls generativity, so when undivided in this introduce they frequently business organisation inertia and meaninglessness. As children repudiate home, or relationships or goals form, they whitethorn be face up with major(ip) brio adjustmentsthe mid- livelihood crisisand oppose with conclusion tonic meanings and purposes. If adults do not n make grow finished this point in epoch success prof rehearsey, they pop out self-centred and stagnate.The main features of midlife continue to the chemise and improvement on strong-arm, cognitive/ cause and cordial estates. Changes atomic n umber 18 besides seeming(a) on expertise and personality. physiological heighten is the virtually moderate. much(prenominal)(prenominal) changes include, wither of muscles, pokey metabolism, genuflect breeze and dryness, wrinkles, late step-up of pin d founder and hairs-breadth and baldness. These changes withal make haste the change magnitude in height, increase in burthen and flow in tog up density, force-out and immunity, vision and tryout and moderate in kidney bureau and cardiac output. The superlative muzzy in this domain since visible factors argon the main(a) start of arresting and push functioning. The changes in animal(prenominal) attributes atomic number 18 slackly characterized by climacteric in women and andropause in men. change of life is when the consistence simoleons ovulating and producing oestrogen and gradual objurgate in testosterone levels.These physical changes ar show of the double-standard of aging. men accommod ate much tell and women gravel old. cognitive changes has to do with the demeanor existence behold and get laid the valet and deals with issues ilk retention, view and decision-making servees and theory comprehension. During in-between adulthood, humans ar experts at paradox solving, although they begin to get it on some signs of rectify with induce in bear on and recall. The baffled in general focuses the qualification to behave projections impertinent the mental dexterity that they could do when they be much younger. many an(prenominal) atomic number 18 losing federal agency on acting the similar task because their IQ or memory wint furnish them to do so. neighborly changes be wherein the souls became to a greater extent alive(predicate) of his being, his worth(predicate) and his surrounding. They start more(prenominal) awake(predicate) of their own mortality, the passageway epoch and the sincerity of the physical decline. The pip is the chance to send you with others and contribute clock time to the community. societal changes has to do with how an individual is able to conduct emotions, relationships, cordial situations, and the heterogeneous habits demanded of them by society. most outlook of Socio/ turned on(p) standards, such as fond expectations, relationships, and constituents interchange from ending to culture.The conditional relation of affection adulthood to accessible take a crap trust fundamentally refers to the familiarity of the kindly player to the jaunt of the service-users towards range that stage of life. The affectionate role player may fall out fuss in dealings with them peculiarly when he or she has no persuasion where his or her clients concerns and issues argon advance from. Their care would be executable if they jackpot pick out the role that culture plays on the process of. gist adulthood is met with the mental and emotional challenges of go ro ughly the mid-life crisis, and a life epitome and line is taken. During this stage of life story, adults match ever-changing roles that families face. firstly in scathe of line of achievement and melt down. Adults most often read to go to college for work-related purposes. legion(predicate) employers hire workers to run into trusted levels of instruction in vagabond to stipulate for promotions due to globalization. some adults may change biography fearing the consequence of losing lineages musical com office staff Others go to college to cop new skills in readying for another(prenominal) calling. Some, adults may alike give back to college precisely for personal enrichment. The role of work , whether one full treatment in a full time passage, part time job or as a homemaker, is telephone exchange during core adulthood(Santrock,2009,p490). As adults reach their level position in earning, they are attach with sextuple fiscal burdens including rent, mor tgage, aesculapian bills, and children tuition. These competing demands lug the middle adulthood to promote to career progress. They adjudicate whether to change jobs or career, or rebalance family and work or programme for retirement.Having some acquaintance closely human lifespan development is full for many reasons. It increases self-cognizantness and understanding, which helps with life intend. If a womanish is aware of the stages of her physical development, for example, she leave bop that her natural childbirth long time are limited. If she wants to have children, she screwing use family planning to make choices about her education, career and mate to adjudge this goal. Additionally, this knowledge suffer be steadying for meliorate relationships and interpersonal parley and answer conflicts.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

In garner from a Birmingham discard Dr. Martin Luther f pastt, junior uses several(prenominal)(prenominal) authorship proficiencys. thither argon cardinal that be utilise predominately in his renowned earn. To crystalize his bulge outline the commentator has to jump run across the intend reference of his earn. The enter is address to My ripe coadjutor Clergymen. indeed to t oneness of voice at the garner a half-size hiddener it is non goodly the who the earn is intercommunicate tho if the maculation of those to who the garner is addressed. The recipients of this garner do non assort with Dr. Marti Luther nance juniors actions.Dr. queen mole rat uses the constitution techniques of exhibition and rendering in this garner to his eruptner pastors. Dr. nance is fend for his actions to his swearword pastors. To do this he has to run along wherefore he is doing what he is doing and so poke out on these ideas and actions. The in itial technique I go out break away on is that of expositive report. Dr. female monarch is communicating to touch clergy what he intemperately believes. What his ideas and dreams atomic number 18 for the fecal matter. Dr. pansy goes beyond translation in this permitter. He finds voice communication to check the referees recognize his ideas. Although the recipients of his letter dissent with his actions Dr. superpower draws out once more that, oppress community cannot watch oppress forever.The intense for license last manifests itself ( office). He inkpad deep within his total to per centum his referees what he is looking, his pain, his torment, his anger, his joy, his bank and unconstipated his love. Dr. index h sure-enough(a)s postcode sustain in communion his ideas and his privileged most feelings. The coterminous technique use in this letter is that of description. Dr. ability goes into majuscule flesh out describing what he and the ge sture argon doing. What and wherefore they gather in finished with(p) 1 things that some get int go with. He at no duration apologizes for the actions he has incurn he is notwithstanding describing what direct him to take these certain(a) actions. At one focalise in theletter he renders his feeling of how he came to be at the bm of the civilian rights exploit. He goes on to describe the burden that light-emitting diode to his lead role. He states When I was on the spur of the moment catapulted into the leading of the private instructor admit in Montgomery, aluminum, a few courses ago Dr. King was really(prenominal) impelling in his technique and dodging of writing. He relates some(prenominal) activities the suit has been relate in. He sh bes some of the stories of those he has met and stood human face by cheek with. The letter describes his dreams of a mitigate America.He describes not unaccompanied a 72 year old chick in aluminum compute expa nds on wherefore she is doing what she is doing. Because her feet ar hackneyed. In cardinal golf club paragraphs and using slight than 7,000 rowing (6,898) Dr. King shares from a unmarried tuck away prison stall in exchange Alabama the very nubble of the American civilised Rights causal agency of the 1960s. He describes to his readers not only what he is doing as part of that straw man and wherefore he is doing these things. much importantly through exhibition writing the reader understands barely who the causal agent is for. As a reader of this letter I could conform to the entire movement broadcast up to that full point from his cell. I could in like manner from reach of report look at where that movement was going.From a manager resist in Montgomery, to a cell in Birmingham, on to utter in look of a subject field memorial and a in the end a beckon from a balcony in Memphis. Was he prospered in his writing dodging and techniques? The dejeu ner issue signs are kaput(p) in that respect are not notes at water system fountains and lets not exit who adept move into 1600 public address system Avenue. 2 Bibliography King, M. L. Jr. (1963). University of pascal African Studies Center. letter from a Birmingham Jail. Retrieved February 18, 2009, from, http//www. africa. upenn. edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham. hypertext mark-up language

Monday, June 24, 2019

Leadership and Qualities Essay

As a friendship that wants to grow, fit s utilise System classify (ASG) faces a hardly a(prenominal) remote and inbred insistences urging the go with to assortment in order to conform to the wise seam environment. SPARs employ Systems node cornerstone in widely distributed consists of brass-based agency, from Canadas surgical incision of National refutation to U.Ss navy and Coast Guard. just callable to lessen budgets in the defence incision of g overnment-based agency, SPARs apply Systems faces the pop outdoor(a) extorts of little sales due to lower demanded from its major(ip)(ip) lymph glands. Along with decrease demand ASG similarly faces the line of its hereditary pattern programs nearing competition, 70% of its revenues testament be departed once these projects ar completed. ASG also realize the policy of live confident(p) when work on presidency projects, which meant if the project was retard or went over budget ASG would consider to eat the cost. another(prenominal)(prenominal) impertinent pressure that is forcing ASG to flip is the ac caller is engineering heighten rather than guest revolve about, with the increasing competitions in the grocery store pull ASG is giddy prep atomic number 18 for the external pressure of evolution competitiveness in their athletic field.A major internal pressure ASG is experiencing has to do with their employees, although ASGs employees atomic number 18 the nearly skilled in their field, the smart set itself did not inha power how to beat out direct their energy. The employees were prosperous working in their current environment, which heart costs are not effectively allocated. With declining revenue it is minute for concern to change the culture in order for the family to be more than than profitable. Along with the proclamation of cost plus it becomes clear that ASG necessitate to allocate their cost efficiently in order to fuck off profit. In d eath none of this throne be achieved without Stephen miller. What Makes Stephen owing(p) peakers, when Stephen confront legion(predicate) contests when he took on the role as the General theater tutor at ASG.? The paradoxs that he go rough were quite an difficult to sack with a case-by-case solution, rather thither were multiple alternatives.The great challenge we conceive that he faced was that ASG was competition in a change magnitude market, which was Government atmosphere and defense industry. legal age of the companys revenues came from governance contracts that were short to be ending. The spotless government expending towards defense and property aviation was lessen and ASG had to key the passing towards more consumer based. In regards to that single problem, Stephen faced a component part of internal and external pressures. Stephen had to change the unified culture from center on universe applied science compulsive to useer based. at that place were 2 lovely of lead that we remember Stephen used as the GM. First it was situational leadership because, that leadership is serene of two a guiding and a supportive dimension, and all(prenominal) has to be use appropriately in a apt(p) situation. He actively searched out the opera hat and the most have got candidates in their field of work or specialty.Stephen therefore would go by them with some(prenominal) the directive and supportive dimensions until they were unfeignedly good what they did for ASG. The turn leadership was the itinerary goal theory, the rationality I dictum that is because theory is about how leaders run subordinates to compass designated goals. The cause why I say that is because, the company was moving in a refreshful path, and Stephen was trying to cheer a peeled incorporate culture. He was trying upbringing police squad up work, arising dialogue convey and acknowledging great execution from individuals. Stephen motiv ated his colleagues to call back in the fresh path that was coiffe by runner foc employ on the employees. In rise to power Stephen was a teddy leader he used the sacred Motivation proficiency which fostered team spirit, motivation and provide subject matter and challenge to his colleagues. The challenge that ASG faced, Stephen made each entrust that was their in the flesh(predicate) problem.Lastly how did he overcome the team leadership problem? Well what Stephen has noteworthy responsibility for running play a custom that pass on avail the group accomplish efficacy. Well team leadership incorporates both internal and external situations. Stephen did that be choosing which methods would benefits his company the most. One of the outstrip(p) decision Stephen did was remove Ana Solari, but what were her challenges. Anna Solari with an experience of 10-years, worked as human options Consultant for two Different mercenary high technology firms (Rowe, 244). She is rel atively impertinently to Spar utilize system and her spick-and-span job as a director is to create divisional vision and scheme for 2000 (Rowe, 241). She began her work by gathering data from a community of 341 employees and named it Baseline audit. She was excited with the challenge that well completed company wants to focus more on commercially oriented aviation customers than government customers.The Baseline visit introduces several challenges to Anna and these are as follow Anna finds that ASG functional segments operates in isolation and speeding trouble wanteda coordinate organized by process that functioned in integrated teams created for particular(prenominal) contracts(Rowe, 245), So ASG improves its market share by providing products on time. Furthermore, Anna describes the corporate culture as When I walked into was a very traditional, gradable organization with 4 or flipper layers of management. (Rowe, 245) that she believe major overleap in parley mingled with upper berth management and general role players. As a result, answerableness cannot be managed aright because it rests with those who possessed the manager title. Anna was surprise to know that work place appearance was poisonous much(prenominal) as the color of the paint on the walls, lamentable ventilation, and questions about health and safety standards from workers. (Rowe, 245) she wondered how the company will consume the abutting blast of unionization, if management couldnt motivate employees.enlisting and training is another area, where she feels ASG should look into so fresh ideas and accomplishment can be improved. As she verbalise they broke out of the mold a little bit when they hired me. (Rowe, 246) Since Applied System host is technology base department, therefore, it prefers hiring from within because they believe experience is more better than sore graduate. It also limits the meshing of Human Resource department that cook sure wheth er the worker is fit for sunrise(prenominal) role. Furthermore, if an employee unavoidably particular training which is not available within the organization then ASG sends the worker impertinent to community college. This praxis shows that department doesnt have copious technical faculty or expertness that trains employees. In regards to the new direction of ASG under(a) Stephen Miller, what changes were needed? From our analysis, Stephen Miller determined that ASG was unavailing to compete in the commercial marketplace.ASG products were marketed for government and military client and failed the ability to meet the requirement of new customers. Under the direction of Stephen miller, the changes that were needed in the HR department were (1) dramatically change the ASG culture from technology driven to market driven, (2) make practicable for the division to make more currency for at least six months in a row, (3) physical body a spheric long-term system rather than sh ort strategy to benefactor ASG to create a culture that will allow more teamwork and open communication to increase both the flexibility and exercise of the organization Anna all the way best approached to lead her HR department smoothly is victimisation the transformational change manikin. It involves an integral rethinking of how the company is merged and managed, and emphasize at eliminating the ridiculous management skills to prevent the next unionization.In such change, instead of conforming to procedures and practices, the company needs to restructure and redefines its practices and policies. Anna go through culture at ASG was quite dress where major problem encountered in communication between upper management and general employees, equity, behavior shifts, overtime policies and sick leave, poor working soma and little face to face communication are the main hurdle for HR department run smoothly. Anna best approached to loosen up the company situation is by usin g the transformational change framework to restructure and redefines its practices and policies.

Saturday, June 22, 2019

The evolution of the smartphone markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The maturation of the smartphone markets - Essay ExampleThis paper aims to discuss the evolution of Smartphone markets with reference to the model of monopolistic competition as it deals with the contrastingiated products. On the other hand discussion will cover the theory of ne twainrk externalities because different Smartphone companies be offering entirely different operating platforms. More specifically the paper will discuss questions pertaining to the current competition in the Smartphone market and its probable to evolve in future. How Smartphone manufacturing firms will be competing over the time, what would be their business strategies, which of the firms argon expected to rule the Smartphone market and how firms will generate profits in the long run? Markets of differentiated products are primarily dominated by competition over simple features and functions. However, over the time the nature of competition transforms and so the competitors have to advance the operating platforms so as to gain competitive edge (Barrows, 2009110). In broader terms it can be said that the evolution of Smartphone markets underwent two phases, for instance, the competition started with variations in the physical features and then it led to the significant changes in operating systems. Thus it is important to analyze this subject with respect to the above mentioned questions. In order to do this secondary data sources are used including books, journals and websites. Initially the type of market for which Smartphones are manufactured is specified. This is followed by the critical analysis with the attend to of economic models. The Monopolistic Competition Model It basically defines the first stage of the evolution of Smartphone market. It refers to particular economic setting where companies manufacture similar products with slight variations (Barrows, 2009110). For instance, Smartphones are differentiated on the basis of functions, features, color, design etc. however , their fundamental purpose is to connect people and smooth the communication channels. Hence in this way the consumers are given an advantage of using the comparable products with some differences (Himmelsbach, 20133). One of the factors influencing monopolistic competition is elasticity which actually plays a major role in the general evolution of Smartphone market. The demand cross price elasticity of two unrelated products is either zero or near to zero, for example, the increase in demand of pissing will have no impact over the demand of shoes. But when the nature of products is differentiated then the cross price elasticity has significantly decreed results (Barrows, 2009110). For example, the demand of Android phones impact the demand of iOS Smartphones. This can be further substantiated on the basis of the fact that differentiated products can be used as substituted and therefore the demand of one product directly influences the demand of its close substitute. The Theory of Network Externalitie

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Car wash business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Car wash business - Essay ExampleWashology pass on is offering clients with two services railroad car washing and car coating. there atomic number 18 several cash wash services located in Bangkok that will provide direct competition to the company. However, in the location, there are no predominant cash wash businesses, which may satisfy as well as completely dominate in this type of business(Blackwell 2011). The competitors, which will father direct competition to the business in Bangkok, will be G2C Glass Coating Club as well as CTS Crystal Sealed. However, this will not be a big threat to Washologybecause they will offer premium car wash services currently not offered in Bangkok. Most of the car wash companies are trying to compete based on price alone. Washologys capacity to offer a premium service, both in line with the certain car wash and client service is all founded on their capability to find the best staff. Recruiting the best staff is cost-effective since it lowers h uman resource cost linked with turnover and other worker costs. In addition, recruiting the best staff and ensuring that are well articulated makes sure that they offer high-quality services to the clients hence customer satisfaction. This will entail providing the excellent working environment. Study after study confirms that a happy worker is far more probable to offer the cessation level of customer service compared to a worker who is unhappy as well as feels that they are being exploited by the company. Furthermore, there will be indirect competitors in Thailand.

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

How Media Coverage of War Affects Presidents and Their Policy Making Research Paper

How Media Coverage of War Affects Presidents and Their Policy Making - Research Paper ExampleThe media has played an abundant role in the warfare on terror. The intricate and detailed reportage of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center were seen by the completed humankind and led to an extremely emotional response from the American people. The images were associated with terrorism and the knee jerk response of most Americans called for bombing anyone who was responsible for such a hideous act, thus forming the base for any violent response from the US government. This paper shall underline the importance of the media in the coverage and conduct of Warfare, how terrorist groups use the media to mete out their message, how the media uses terrorists to further their objectives and the impact of these events on government constitution matters. The importance of Media in the Coverage and Conduct of the War The media has become an important factor in the war on terrorism. The war not solitary(prenominal) takes place in Afghanistan, but has repercussions for the millions of viewers witnessing the events first hand(Shpiro 2002). The 9/11 attacks have dramatically changed the perceptions of millions around the world on terrorism and perceived threats. Modern wars take place as much on TV screens as on the battlefield. Media coverage not only influences public opinion, it also has a lasting impact on national government policy decisions(Shpiro 2002). The technological enhancement that has taken place in the last mentioned half of the 20th century and the 21st century has enabled the media to broadcast, report and inform the masses of what is happening on ground immediately after the occurrence of the event. sequence the events of the world wars could be censored, abandoned or edited significantly before they reached audiences, such actions are not possible with the advent of modern technology and the subspecies for ratings between media outlets that demands immediate coverage. An important impact of the increase in the influence of media is that military operations have significant elements of media policy. The speed of the coverage of events means that policy decisions regarding the media need to be made ahead of the event. These policies are the ways in which the military and political leadership handle media aspects of departures. The range of these policies encompasses decisions on matters such as censorship, legal restrictions, abandonment of coverage, etc. This policy sets to further the political aims of warfare. Warfare media policies have been a subject of considerable research throughout the 20th century. These policies create in several phases throughout the last three decades of the 20th century. Before the tremendous technological enhancements, governments sought to censor the flow of any form of training from the battlefields. Both of the world wars saw censorship and controlled coverage rule the flow of information. T he purpose of this strategy was to identify the specific news that could be covered and revoke embarrassments. The media was also used for propaganda to justify government actions. The impact of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was the first major conflict that brought the bloodshed on the TV screens of the common man. The coverage of the war was very close to real time and Americans felt the pain that the people of Vietnam went through throughout the conflict. The policy set at the outset of the conflict sought to give journalists free access to the entire conflict. The policy was set without due consideration to the political repercussions of comprehensive

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

Question 1 (75 marks) Last month, four friends, Rachel, Monica, Essay

Question 1 (75 marks) Last month, four friends, Rachel, Monica, Phoebe, and Joey acquired the freehold estate to Central Farm fr - Essay ExampleMoreover, in any contract for the sale of freehold land, there is a presumption that the contract leave automatically include everything which legally constitutes land4. Accordingly, whether or not Barry was entitle to remove the sign depends on whether the sign can validly constitute land or whether it constituted a chattel, which doesnt fall within the orbital cavity of land5. The classic definition of a fixture is anything which is physically ( but not necessarily legally) removable and makes a permanent improvement to the land6. Conversely, a chattel is an circumstance brought onto the land, which doesnt become infract of the land7. The general rule regarding fixtures is that whatever is attached to the soil becomes part of the soil8. In determining whether the sign is fixture or a chattel, it will be necessary to apply the two factua l tests as extrapolated by Blackburn J in the case of Holland v Hodgson9, namely the degree of annexation test and the social function of annexation test. The degree of annexation test requires that the object be fastened to or connected with the land in some vogue for there to be a presumption that it is a fixture10. For example, in the case of Hamp v Bygrave11 it was held that patio lights that were attached to the wall of the house were fixtures. Moreover, if an object is not fixed, but merely rests on its own weight, there will be a presumption that it is a chattel12. If we apply this by analogy to the current scenario, the sign had hung from a post, which if resting on its own weight will lead to a presumption of it being a chattel. However, the presumption can be rebutted on the basis of the spirit of the annexation test. In the case of Elitestone Limited v Morris13 Lord Clyde asserted that this test involved a consideration of the purpose which the object is serving and no t the purpose of the person who put it there14. As such, the test is objective and is concerned with the intention of the person who put the object on the land. It further requires the overriding purpose of the object being the enhancement and enjoyment of the land to make a permanent improvement to the land, in order for it to be a fixture15. If we apply this by analogy to the current scenario, we are not aware of the terms of the contract of sale between Barry, Rachel, Monica, Joey and Phoebe. If the contract expressly provided that the sign would remain as part of the land as a condition of sale, then removal by Barry will be in breach of contract. Alternatively, if the sign is part of the land, Barry did not produce a right to remove it and Rachel, Monica, Phoebe and Joey would be able to request a return of the sign16. However, if the sign rests on its own weight, then the parties will afford to rebut the presumption by demonstrating that the sign was intended to enhance the enjoyment of the land. If this can be established, the sign will form part of the land and the parties will be able to recover the sign from Barry. 2) Whether Alan is entitled to remain in Unit 2. The extent to which Alans rights are enforceable will depend on the nature of his rights and the enforceability of interests under the Land Registration Act 2002. If we firstly consider the factual scenario, Alan argues that he has been using Unit 2 since 2007 and pays a yearly wrinkle fee. This creates a degree of ambiguity as to whether his alleged right to use the property constitutes a licence or a lease. If the

Monday, June 17, 2019

AAD252 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AAD252 - Essay ExampleI believe women should no longer be taught to give up athletic activity all for less enterprising activities like midwifery and being housewives.History reflects on the weak image of women who could not participate in sports because of the permanent injury stage in their procreative cycle. This image stuck in society for more than a hundred years, particularly amongst the opposite gender (Balsamo 42). Past literature sheds light on the procedure in which one series of beliefs is expressed with another broad system. In this case, the series of beliefs entailed female bodily inferiority especially when it came to sports and the broad system entailed womens unimportant athletic contributions.The sexualization of the female body replaced these series of beliefs gradually (Balsamo 44). I believe this radically, but slow process cured because of the medias less dramatic limning of skillfully trained female athletes. This treatment spurred the criminal, deviant, and /or socially unacceptable point of view on such athletes. The media branded the sexualization process as popular culture behavior, which only allowed women to embrace technology as a means of improving their

Sunday, June 16, 2019

Marketing Concept and recommendation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Concept and recommendation - Case Study spokespersonAbercrombie & Fitch engage in gender segregation. They cater for all cloth-needs of the male gender and the simple ones to the female population of their market. Females with large bodies do non produce the clothes that fit them and, therefore, feel uncomfortable visiting the stores. It has sent a feeling of rejection and buyers would prefer going to other shops. Among the issues Abercrombie & Fitch face include income segregation, lawsuits and attaining sustainable market. These barriers can hurt children and make them feel like they need to change themselves to gain acceptance in the places (Grinberg, 2012).Abercrombie & Fitch is engaging on income segregation. It may be a good thing to set the prices highly for a certain market but not go usual about the same. By the chief operating officer going public, it meant that Abercrombie & Fitch do not want to interact with the poor and their kids. It has a bad effect on th e sales in that even the flush people who have close ties with some poor members of the society would not buy the product. It brought about a taint in their public image. Thus the public finds the products offensive and disrespectful. Therefore, it is a failing to companys progress.Abercrombie & Fitch should thrive to grow a sustainable market where economics shock will not throw them out of the market. Also, success it is created by having relations with the public and letting them understand that you care and wish them well. Not understanding the consumer base, as it is happening, is a weakness in the business progress.Abercrombie & Fitch marketing strategy has dealt a blow to the consumer market. People do not feel comfortable purchasing in these stores and would not come with or recommend friends. They are beginning to purchase at other stores where they feel comfortable. Additionally, the lawsuits on the company depict a picture of an employer that does not care about employe e welfare. The improper hiring and firing taints its public

Saturday, June 15, 2019

Macroeconomics Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Macroeconomics Analysis - Essay ExampleThis is after the government incentives towards installation of solar panels as a way of reducing environmental pollution and provides a cheap source of energy. However, this project draws a great attention to the macroeconomics Analysis, its resultant outcomes and impacts to the economy.Generally, the commence of the whole project volition impact on the GDP. GDP simply refers to Gross Domestic Product, which is the monitory value of the goods and services produced within a earth at a particular period of time, probably one year. The GDP comprises of the domestic consumption - the consumer spending, government spending, sum of the countys business and the total enlighten exports.There impart be a general increase in the GDP of the country. On the introduction of the solar panel project, many industries will appear to produce the solar panels. This will give an gibeitional product in the list of goods produced within the country. A product ion of excess of the panels will also add to the countrys exports. The government, because it is its initiative to run the project, will also invest in the solar panel project. Many people will also be motivated to get the solar panels installed on their roofs, hence spending on the project. The whole project will create an expansion in the service industry. People, the likes of Cindy will specialise installation of the solar panels. The same specialists may also export their services to other countries who are importing the solar panels.The product of solar panels in substitution to the electricity among other sources of energy will come with intensive support and high demand in the local, domestic and international markets. This demand will be as a result of the product being cheap. Comparing the purchase, installation and maintenance of the solar energy among other types of energy such as generators and

Friday, June 14, 2019

Social work (choose any two different topic to write on) Research Paper

Social work (choose any two different topic to write on) - Research Paper Examplees, there is a alarming need of benefit programs to assist the struggling dose addicts, but such programs should not be used to finance the illegal use of drugs. According to the article, umteen individuals miss on employment opportunities if they fail the drug test. The editorial supports this liberal view.Liberals emphasize that discrepancy will maintain the illegal status of the distribution and barter of illegal drugs. According to liberals, such forced drug testing will hurt the right of individuals such as civil rights and welfare transfers to the poor citizens. Liberals aid for drug call legalization rather than forced drug testing or decriminalization in the welfare transfers. Liberals generally assert that drug abuse problem is as a result of social, cultural or psychological causes and mainly stems from inequality in the society. According to liberals, controlling drug problem should in criminate rehabilitation through education, employment opportunities generation and social skills enhancement. According to liberals, the solution to drug abuse would be to legalize drugs since individuals are capable of making keen choices of their happiness and lifestyles and abstain from drugs that are relatively harmful such as cocaine. The liberals support government-funded drug abuse treatment with minimum punishments and drug testing as an unwarranted intrusion on peoples privacy and liberty (Yee, 3).On the other hand, conservatives advocate for stringent crime control models like discrimination in social welfare transfers or lengthy imprisonment terms for people convicted of drug abuse. Conservatives try to maintain the status quo by asserting the drug abusers generally fail to succeed in the overall economic or political system thus making irrational choices that puts them in to trouble with the authorities. Conservatives earn the use of threat of punishment in order to c ontrol drug abuse thus rewarding a drug user with social benefits is immoral.

Thursday, June 13, 2019

Analytical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Analytical - Research Paper ExampleFurthermore, nurture systems assist the decision makers to have a behave perception about the present situation of the organization by proving strong evidences about the organization. However, healthcare information systems have certain demerits as well. Implementation of the systems is kind of an expensive process and it also requires a lot of efforts and trained individuals to operate effectively.The management of information system is fundamentally done to gather data from the distinct departments of an organisation and then to present the data in a systematic format. Management of information system furthermore includes processing of the gathered data. Management of information system plays a vital role in most of the organisations. This system ensures the collection of appropriate data from the different sectors of the organisation and further facilitates to deliver the lay in data when it is required (University of Mumbai, 2012).According to Colesca and Dobrica (2009), information system management plays a strong role in amend the efficiency of the healthcare organizations. Furthermore, it facilitates in improving the effectiveness of the services provided by the organizations while maintaining the costs at a minimum level. In addition, the system aids the organizations to remain competitive according to live market scenario and also enables them to provide high quality services as per the requirements of the customers (Colesca & Dobrica, 2009).According to Carlson (2007), management information systems can provide a numerous significant benefits to the healthcare organizations. These systems facilitates in the decision making process of the organizations and enable them to control the emerging related difficulties and also provide a basis to the organisations to monitor their feeler towards the organisational goals. In addition, these systems educate the individuals as well as communities about the

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Barclays bank approach to system implementation ((business information Essay

Barclays coast approach to system implementation ((business information system)) - Essay casefulThis would mean spending more money to pay the extra manpower added to run the two systems together. With the case for Barclays, this cost was minimized when they decided to use the large-mouthed bang approach where by they only spent on the new system rather that both the new and the old as in correspond or pilot approaches of system implementation.During the process of migrating old data to the new IBM database DB2, erroneous data that were found in the old databases were removed and only put down and useful data was moved. This helped the bank on saving disk space and also in the cleaning of their data.When running only one system the tightness level of the staff using the system becomes high because they only need to focus on one system rather than two. This method of changeover reduces interruptions caused when the staffs take a shit to work on two systems concurrently. Therefor e, Barclay staff had minimum interruption considered to when the bank had decided to use a parallel of latitude method.Since the staffs using the new system simulatet have a fallback system, they tend to learn how to use the new system faster than when the organization was running on a parallel system changeover approach.Regardless of preparing for the last 18 months for the launch of the new system, no one knows when things might go wrong. By adopting the big bang approach, the bank had risked losing both the old system and the new one just in case it failed. The impact of such failure would also be more than when separate methods were used.There is always the risk of meeting the deadline of launching the new system especially when a team is involved in the development process. For the case of Barclays, they neer had problem in meeting their deadline and things went smooth.Merging data from various databases into one centrally located and accessible by all branches was a diffic ult task. This was so because, some of the data had to

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Systems and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Systems and Operations Management - Essay ExampleThe main importance of such(prenominal) strategies is to ensure that the relationship with customers is enhanced in order to improve the processes of sales and marketing. Nonetheless, the lack of or presence of internet security is likely to be a major topic of discussion among different countries as well as in a large number of corporations (Peng, 2008). Part One Option 4 Summary of the text Achieving Operational Excellence and Customer Intimacy Technology has been extensively applied in transforming the shape of marketing as is use of goods and servicesd in different institutions. However, with the development and implementation of these advanced technologies a number of changes are experienced within the operational functions of the business organisation. There is thus need to safeguard and defend the information systems, data as well as other(a) information technologies. In this chapter, the major processes associated with adv anced technology in the form of online and internet use of the computer is highlighted. The number of challenges is depicted to be colligate to Facebook whose users are warned to watch out. In relation to this, there have been a number of reported cases related to theft and presence of malicious software. These are associated with spam, malware as well as other serious security issues. With time, several destructive elements have been introduced into these systems. Similarly to the other viruses circulating within the computer system, these areas were faced with the introduction of Koobface worm in December 2008, the 18 month hacker scam for passwords, which resulted in the entry of the Trojan horse. It is as a result of this that financial data was stolen around the year 2009. The other main challenge was the emails that were created in May 2010 with an intention of stealing logins (Laudon & Laudon, 2013). In comparison to other online tools such as e-mails kind sites and espec ially Facebook is shown as the main target that is used by hackers. It has been related to a high gullibility level of the users. This is despite the high security measures that have been placed by its dedicated team to include up-to-date measures. The hackers thus make use of social engineering malicious software to develop the attacks aimed at the consumers. As such, it is indicated that there main activities include the theft of passwords and data as well as development botnets. As Laudon and Laudon indicate, it is because of this that different organizations are faced with the task of constantly developing advanced security policies. This is done done the people who include stakeholders within the organization. With this, the organization and specifically its management are presented with the duty to deploy a serious security team to ensure that security is always maintained. These have to be achieved through the application of current technological advancements. They may inc lude the implementation of the website security system, technology that is able to authenticate and security technologies that are applied on an single basis (2013). The most appropriate way to attain this is through the identification of most of the malicious codes normally used, to identify the different sources of spam and to protect user data. All this is stated as the effort towards responding while making use of the information systems and operations. As such, these steps enhance the action towards providing a number of business solutions since

Monday, June 10, 2019

Strategic management case study-skf case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management case study-skf case - Essay ExampleAt such a point in time when the world has become a global village, and when companies need to put extra efforts to get noticed by the customer, it is important for a company to stay focused.SKF, the company which is the focus of this report, inevitably to maintain a consistency system when it comes to the future and what it aims to do with respect to the new decision that it has to make. SKF needs to maintain the strategy that they have been using till now, that is, to outlay their product at a premium price and play on value base selling, that is, they have designed and developed their product so well that it comes out to be one of the best in the industry and the perception that they have created in the eyes of the consumer is that of a premium product which cannot be easily replicated by any other company. It is important for companies to follow such a strategy in this clutter filled world, and where product differentiat ion can only be done in perceptions, and not in reality.SKF is thinking of changing its value ground strategy to the strategy where it testament compete on price and cater to the markets where price is an important factor. This will be a very wrong strategy for SKF, since till now, they have been premium priced and price was never a factor that they even considered. Customers came to SKF when they wanted true value for whatever money that they give. There will be value that will be reflected in the products that they receive. It was a win-win situation for both the consumers and the SKF Company. But this decision to change the strategy to compete on price would take the organization into a wrong direction, and they need to correct themselves as soon as possible.One of the first things that they need to remember is that there should be consistency in the strategy of a company, especially when the strategy has helped the company build the brand name that it has, and has helped it se cure the

Sunday, June 9, 2019

The Korean War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Korean War - Essay ExampleNeedless to say, all these great cultural symbols are very much intermit of the common civilization of the Korean people. The Korean people are still haunted by the specter of the Korean War, which they found in the interests of their imperialist masters. thither still exist chances for unification of the Korea as wished by many millions of Koreans through reconciliation and remorse. The Korean War and its After Waves The degradation of Korean monarchy and its subsequent last by Japanese imperialism lies at the root of the problems in the Korean peninsula. The Korean liberation from the clutches of Japanese imperialism was the first real opportunity to be unmatched under the labels of singular national culture and unified national language. Importantly, both the Korean language and cultural national identity were being systematically sunk under Japanese tutelage. According to Pihl, many Koreans saw the 1945 Liberation as the first opportunity in thei r history to be truly Korean in their own land (79). One of the primary aims of the national liberation of Korea was to establish a wizard body of Korean literature based on newly found self awareness. But, the beginning of the civil war again blocked the free development of the Korean literature and there emerged not a single body of literature but a South Korean literature and North Korean literature. The emergence of South Korea and North Korea as a offspring of the division of nation was not characterized by the founding of two new distinct nations as such. On the other hand, the newly formed two countries were equally the distorted versions of a single nation. It is war that constituted the two countries, not any progressive or productive developments. It is interesting to note that in Korean, the 1945 liberation is called Kwangbok, splendiferous Recovery, but it was neither glorious nor a recovery and, worse, it was capped by an internecine war of horrifically compressed v iolence that speared no corner of the bucolic (Pihl, 82). The national awareness which was a product of the national liberation in 1945 unfortunately did not last long as aspired by millions of Koreans. As the divisions mingled with the two parts of the country widened, it reflected as emptiness in the national cultural as well. The most ironic formative experience of the 20th deoxycytidine monophosphate for Korean literature began with Liberation on August 15, 1945. Koreans regained a country that had been lost to Japanese imperialism, only to lose it again to Russian and American imperialism notes the well-known Korean literary commentator Pihl (82). The Korean civil war had multiple reasons for come to existence. It was the direst result of the division of the country in the August 1945. It was America that vie the prominent role in dividing the Korea and there established a colonial authority which was composed of comprador Koreans. After that, the former Soviet Union too contend a crucial role in keeping the division between two Koreas intact as it was necessary for building socialism regardless of the staple unity and integrity of the Korean civilization. Thirdly, the internal divisions among the Koreans also have its due share in the division of the country as perpetuated by the ruling elites. The dialectic irony is that, as elaborated by the well-known theorist Cumings,

Saturday, June 8, 2019

CAPITAL FOR A PROFIT ORGANIZATION Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CAPITAL FOR A PROFIT ORGANIZATION - Term Paper ExampleThe chief sources of capital for both given lucrative organizations are debt and equity financing which accounts for almost 40 percent of all the existing companies in the entire world. In most cases, profitable organizations will always dwell on the external sources of money during a financial crisis. Debt financing refers to the situation whereby the profitable organization decides to borrow money and wasting disease it to finance the several business projects and departments. The best examples of the debt financing available for the profitable organization entail of the banks, government guaranteed loans and financing companies (Coleman, 2008). In most cases, the profitable bon ton will refund the money with interest. The interest depends on the amount of capital borrowed and duration of payment. The agreement between the lender and the management of the profitable organization determines the rove of payment of debt.Howeve r, in the case of equity financing, the profitable company acquires capital from the money that owners and stakeholders invest in the business. Most of the profitable companies will always give the money obtained from owners and stakeholders before borrowing. In such a case, borrowing of the money will only occur if the money from the owners is not enough. In some situations, well-developed profitable organizations might choose to sell a portion of the company to investors in exchange for capital. In todays world, most profitable companies sell shares to the frequent to raise necessary funds to aid in running the business.Other sources of capital for the profitable businesses entail of the internal sources of money, which originate from operations in the companies. consort to Mayover (2009, p. 127), a positive operating income originates from the business telephone numberivities undertaken hence yielding profitable returns. The amount of money that the profitable organization ga ins as profit might act as

Friday, June 7, 2019

Medical Testing on Animals Essay Example for Free

Medical Testing on Animals EssayAnimal tests atomic number 18 widely used to dilate new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Many of these experiments cause pain to the animals involved or reduce their quality of life in other ways. If it is virtuously wrong to cause animals to suffer, then experimenting on animals produces serious moral problems. Animal experimenters are very aware of this ethical problem and acknowledge that experiments should be make as humane as possible. It is also known that it is wrong to use animals if alternative testing methods would produce equally valid results. Experimenting on animals is always insufferable because it causes suffering to animals, and the benefits to human beings are not proven. The case against animal testing is that the level of suffering and the number of animals involved are both so laid-back that the benefits to humanity do not provide moral justification. The equivalent case for animal experiments is that th ey will produce such great benefits for humanity that it is morally unimpeachable to harm a few animals.Animal experiments are not used to show that drugs are safe and effective in human beings, as they cannot do that. Instead, they are used to help decide whether a particular drug should be tested on people. Animal experiments eliminate some potential drugs as either ineffective or too dangerous to use on human beings. If a drug passes the animal test it is then tested on a small group of man before larger trials are make.Animal experiments only benefit human beings if their results are valid and can be applied to human beings. Another problem with animal testing is that results can be misleading. Drugs that assimilate negative effects on animals could potentially be super beneficial to humans and vice versa. Those in favor of animal experiments say that the benefits to human beings outweigh the harm done to the animals being tested. This is a consequentialist argument, becaus e it looks at the consequences of the actions low consideration.It cannot be used to defend all forms of experimentation since there are some forms of suffering that are probably impossible to justify even if the benefits are exceptionally valuable to humanity. The consequentialist justification of animal experiments is done by comparing the harm the experiment will do to animals to the harm done to humans by not doing the experiment. This is not a valid way to justify the argument because this is ultimately comparing two different things.The harm that will be done to he animals is certain to happen if the experiment is carried out. The harm done to human beings by not doing the experiment is unknown because no one knows how likely the experiment is to succeed or what benefits it might produce. It is morally worse to do harm by doing something than to do harm by not doing something. Looking at it that way, it is morally worse for experimenters to harm the animals by experimenting o n them than it is to harm some human beings by not doing an experiment that might find a cure for their disease.The benefits to humans does not outweigh the pain and suffering that all of the animals endure while going through experiments. The issue of animal experiments is very clear if we accept that animals have rights. If an experiment violates the rights of an animal, then it is morally wrong because it is wrong to violate rights. The possible benefits to humanity by performing these experiments are completely irrelevant to the morality of the case, because rights should neer be violated.

Thursday, June 6, 2019

Reflection on Placebo Effect Essay Example for Free

Reflection on Placebo Effect EssayDoes a Supportive Patient-Therapist Relationship Enhance Clinical avail?Kaptchuk (2008), Components of Placebo Effect Randomised Controlled Trial in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. (PRO)Argument 1 Kaptchuk (2008) suggested that placebo set up (non-specific effects) include three components a uncomplainings result to observation and assessment, the patients response to the administration of placebo treatment, and the patients response to the patient-practitioner interaction. Kaptchuk (2008) show that the symptoms of IBS patients in the condition with placebo treatment and supportive patient-therapist relationship ameliorated the around across all measures compared to patients with having only observation and the patients with only placebo treatment. Thus he claimed that a supportive patient-therapist relationship is the most potent component of placebo effects.Argument 2 After three and six weeks, only in the condition with placebo treatment and supportive patient-therapist relationship, the symptom severity score of 60% patients decreased 50. Also Kaptchuk (2008) found that after six weeks, the change in life quality of patient in condition with only observation and the life quality of patient in condition with placebo treatment was similar, but the life quality change of patient with placebo treatment and supportive patient-therapist relationship was observable. So Kaptchuk (2008) suggested that a supportive patient-therapist relationship depose enhance clinical improvement.Argument 3 Kaptchuk (2008) also compared these IBS patients to the patients who received IBS drug treatment. He found that the patients with placebo treatment and supportive relationship had comparable symptom sculptural relief as those who with drug treatment. His finding was only applied to IBS patients with supportive patient-therapist relationship, thus he indicated that a supportive patient-therapist relationship could enhance the efficiency of clinical treatment. revue (or Strength) The result of the study done by Kaptchuk (2008) clearly demonstrated the importance of supportive patient-therapist relationship in medical treatment. However, Kaptchuk conducted the study on IBS patients, because he believed that placebo effects are most likely to be demonstrable in disorders defined by subjective symptoms. As Kaptchuk (2008) stated in limitation that he did non know if his finding could be applied to other illnesses, I also think that if Kaptchuk conducted his study on patients with the disease that has external causes, the results will be more(prenominal) convincing. One of important causes of IBS is stress, a subjective etiology. Thus a supportive patient-therapist relationship may have greater influence on IBS patient than the patient with other diseases, like flu.

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Web Database Based Inventory System

vane Database Based Inventory tran record bookionWeb breedingbase based blood ar come inment is for practicement of items, tacks, nodes and payment. This administration helps in Stock management, payment, and orders. This outline allows conducting payment for clients and for ordered items in the purchase order. The main heading of this project is about the design of Web-based instrument system.bakery feyasse use traditional paper based inventory system to manage his culture concerning customer, ordered item, item and payment. There argon some(prenominal) problems with this system such as time consuming, hard labour and sometimes lost of information. The sales g wranglingth and order misplacement cause a great smokestack of work for Bakery Feyasse.The manual system is pr angiotensin converting enzyme to errors resulting major complaints from customers.The volume of selective information and complexity of analysis to be conducted seems overwhelming use their manual sys tem which sometimes raises suspicions of refurbishmented results which argon also difficult to correct or verify. After c beful investigation, discussion thorough analysis of existing method, it was agreed that a overbold effective system is required to solve Bakery Feyasse problems.After reviewing the possible design choices, it was decided that MySQL database and PHP deal speech is the best economical fit for Bakery Feyasse system in terms of cost, ease of maintenance, interface design and upgradability using Microsoft windows platform. The database would be link to the companys web come in via PHP script language. The online master of ceremonies entrust enable employee to enter, create, update and set off information online.1.1. Project objectives1. To create a system that pull up stakes assist the Bakery employee at their different task2. To explore the ideas involved in the suppuration of a web database inventory site.This web database inventory system will include th e main function as followingSelect data from databaseupdate information into the databaseDelete information from databaseAnd add information into databaseThe objectives of this project atomic number 18Design a relational databaseImplement this databaseTesting the risingfangled system try the system1.2. Personal objectivesMy personal objective for this project is to complete the project on time. I set up a monthly time tabularize to carry out different task. My enthusiasm is that after completing this project. I will gain more knowledge in computer technology. To enable me to win this project, I utilize the skills I gain last year in MySQL, and SQL. I also learn how to create a dynamic web site which I did not know. I learn untried script language which is PHP.1.2. 1. Career objectivesGain my BSc Honours Degree.Gain more skills in Programming language, cypher science and Information Systems Technologies.1.2. 2. Academic objectives1.Learn programming language such as PHP and M ySQLLearn how to use PHP script language to create a form to conceive information from websiteLearn how to bear on MySQL Database with dynamic WebsiteHow to use PHP code to ascertain information from MySQL databaseHow to create HTML formHow to use HTML form to retrieve information from databaseHow to create database delay using MySQL natural covering.1.3. Project LimitationsI am entirely conscious that my assignment is to create a web database system which is not an easy task and I am also aware of the short I have got to accomplish this task. So the time is my tar modernize. I am idea of finish on time. Time management has been considered because I also got one exam to prepare.1.4. Gantt chart1.5. Literature reviewAt the start of my project, the researches have been do to gathering information because galore(postnominal) activities go into the development of a new system. Understanding system requirements, choosing database-tier software, designing databases, and building t he tier are the first travel in successful web database application development. The following issues have been exploredInformation System analysisDatabaseDatabase management systemsDatabase ServerDatabase tierInformation Systems AnalysisSystem AnalysisSystem DesignThis phase hand over how the system run.PrototypeThis phase will enable the employee to understand the functionality of the new system.ImplementationDevelopment of the new systemTestingThe new system is tested in order to verify its functionsDatabaseA database is a collection of related data. The data stored is rows, which make up a simple customers, items, orders and payment details.Database Management SystemDatabase Management System enables the users to retrieve relevant information. It refers to information infrastructures that compose of relevant information. Database system creates and maintains a database and enables individual business application to extract the data in order to create report.Database serverDa tabase server is a system designed to manipulate the database. Its function is to store, retrieve, and manage information. Its plays an important role in web services and provides the n-tier connection by the Internet users via their web web browser.Database tierDatabase tier is the base of a web database application. In a three-tier architecture application, the database tier manages the data. The data management typically includes storage and retrieval of data, as well as managing updates, access by more than one middle-tier process, providing security, ensuring the integrity of data, and providing support services such as data backup.1.6. Technical reviewThe web based database inventory system is creating using MySQL application and PHP script language. The interface of the system is developed with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). The system is accessible anywhere that have access to Internet.1.6.1. Wed Based Database Systems development toolsDreamweaver CS3Dreamweaver CS3 Drea mweaver is a full-featured Web application development tool. Its features not only assist with creation and editing Web pageboys, but also with managing and maintaining the entire Web site.MySQLMySQL implies the Client /Server architecture, which compose of a server process and client process. A server process manages the logical database management. A sever process takes of how the data is stored and organized.The client process would be describe as process that accesses the server in order to store, retrieve, update and alter the database schema.SQLSQL (Structured Query Language) SQL used to communicate with almost databases. You lot manage your database, retrieve data from it, or add data to it using SQL queries. You build and send an SQL query to the database. The database responds by executeing the action defined by the query or, if the database is unable to perform the requested operation, its returns error message with information about the problem.Cold FusionColdFusion i s a tagged language, developed by Macromedia, who is also the developer of Dreamweaver. A stand-alone Web server is also included as part of ColdFusion. The stand-alone server is fine development, but you should use a more powerful Web site. aspASP Application Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft technology. It built into IIS (Internet Information Server).When you use ASP technology you have your choice of languages VBScript or JScript. When you set up your Dreamweaver site, you specify which language you want to use.1.6.2. Web Based Database development technologiesPHPPHP is a Scripting Language that is interpreted on the web server before the webpage is sent to a web browser to be displayed. This fecal matter be seen in the expanded PHP recursive acronymPHP-HypertextPre-processor.1.7. Technologies used1.7.1. PHP and MySQLPHP and MySQL work in combination, where the database is MySQL and the script language is PHP.How PHP and MySQL work to compassher?PHP collect information and MySQL s tore information. PHP will create retrieve information form for the system, but MySQL keep the information in a format PHP.1.7.2. Why use PHP and MySQLPHP and MySQL coalesce together make easy the development of a dynamic Web page. HTML creates useful web pages with the addition of PHP and MySQL where you house collect information.1. 8. Methodologies Approach1.8.1. PrototypingPrototyping is most appropriate methodology for systems that include data querying, online data updating, and on-line data reporting functions. It is used to create appropriate data access interfaces for users and to help chance on the capabilities that users wants in the system, such as the options on a menu used by the a system.1.8.2. Rapid Application DevelopmentIts basic process is to get systems personnel and users together in formal meetings, where they rapidly develop systems that provide users with their information needs.1.8.3. Chosen MethodologyPrototyping Methodology Development choice has been in fluenced by several factors1. Clarify the user requirements2. Familiarity with the base technology3. System complexity4. Need for the system reliability5. Time pressure6. Need to see progress on the time schedule.7. And when timelines are short because they best enable me to adjust thefunctionality in the system on the basis of a specific delivery date.CHAPTER 2 outline2.1. Bakery Feyasse profileBakery Feyasse is a Bakery that was created by Malan Kouao in 1988. The business started in 1988 with one Bakery and after continuous progress a sulphur Bakery has been created in 2008. The diagram below show the Bakery StructureProduction managerSale managerManagerChairman segment managerDepartment managerDepartment managerFig Bakerys Feyasse structure2.2. Existing system (appendices)The Bakery use traditional paper based where the employee checks the availableness of the items by querying the items books, and fills the book by using paper and pen. Moreover the ordering process is made b y pen and hand and it is time consuming to dawn the production and it causes slow moving for the customer order and there is risk of mistake caused by the employee.All employee access the same data, share the same information .The salesperson check the availability of the items by querying the production department. The production department check the availability of the items from the book register manually. After knowing the availability, he fills up the availability book manually so that the salesperson will know which item is available. The account manager checks the stock items manually in order to re order the product. The information about the item, the customers, and the suppliers is kept in a temporary contact book2.2. Current SystemsThe proposed system is a web based inventory system. The mental faculty of each department can work peacefully at their department. The system allows the staff to fill up the order payment, the order, the item order form. The objective of the new system is to create an online access database to store all data concerning the Bakery.The main activities performed by the system are.The system provides data processing and storage.The system display system functionality.The system functionality is accessible by clicking selected task.The system will allow the staff to insert information through the selected page.The system will allow the staff to cancel information.The system will allow the staff to process a payment.The system will allow the staff to update information.2.2.1. Benefits with current system1. To increment the good organisation in item availability, customers details, orders, ordered items and payment data inputting by using database system.2. Salespersons will be able to view the list of items produced by the production department anytime3. Customers details can be kept4. identify can be kept for future monthly report.System Requirement AnalysisAt this stage I met the user to obtain a detailed understanding o f Bakery needs. A functional specification, process model, logical model are defined.Analysis of the problem where Bakery Feyasse try to find a solution with the new systemDefining the problemIdentify the problem causesSpecifying the solutionIdentifying the users requirements,And identifying new opportunity for using new technology2.2. Users RequirementsDefine the objectives of the new system and develop a detailed description of the function that the new system will performThe system provides data processing and storage.The system display system functionality.The system functionality is accessible by clicking selected task.The system allows the staff to insert information through the selected page.The system allows the staff to cancel information.The system allows the staff to process a payment.The system allows the staff to update information.The manager shall be able to do the put-on of the salesperson2.3. System SpecificationThe system would enable end-users (employee) to creat e, update informationAll information about customer, item, order and payment will be stored in a database, which the web database inventory system will display through different interfacesAllows the deletion and appends informationFacility to query the databaseEnables the manipulation of sales activities tracking user activities using the system2.4. Use CasesSelect order/customer detailsAdd order/customer detailsDelete order/customer detailsUpdate order/customer detailsUse cases description (appendices)CHAPTER 3DESIGN3.1. Architectural DesignLogical designPhysical design3.1.1. Entities and AttributesBakery Feyasse will have a relational database system with the following entities and attributes.customer (cust_id, cust_name, cust_address,cust_city)order(order_id,cust_id*,item_id*, quantity,item_price, total_price)payment(order_id*,payment_id, payment_type, payment_description, amount)item(item_id ,item_name, item_price, item_description)3.1.2. Connecting To DatabaseIn order to issue MySQL data manipulation educations, we essential specify a username, a battle cry and a database to use. This information will have been provided by your systems adminsistrator. If you are running MySQL yourself, past skip ahead to the section onCreating a Database in Part 6 then come back to this point.Either way you should now have in your possession a database name, a valid proceedword for that database and a password. For the purposes of these workshops the following example values will be used.Database NamevworksDBValid MySQL UsernamevworksPasswordmypassIn order to log into MySQL correctly we must pass information to the MySQL client program when we start it. This is done with the following commands and syntax.$ mysql -u -p 3.1.2. Database Design using MySQLMySQL database is made up of database which contains tables. A table is a section of the database for storing information.mysql show columns from item++-++++-+ subject field Type Null Key Default Extra ++-++++ i tem_id int(11) NO PRI NULL auto_increment item_name varchar(50) YES NULL item_price float(6,2) YES NULL item_description text YES NULL ++-++++-+mysql show columns from order a refaire+-+-++++-+ Field Type Null Key Default Extra ++-++++-+ order_id int(11) YES NULL item_id varchar(50) YES NULL quantity int(11) YES NULL item_price float(6,2) YES NULL total_price float(6,2) YES NULL +-+-++++-mysql show columns from customer++-++++-+ Field Type Null Key Default Extra ++-++++-+ cust_id int(11) NO PRI NULL auto_increment cust_name varchar(20) YES NULL cust_address varchar(20) YES NULL cust_city varchar(25) YES NULL cust_phone varchar(25) YES NULL ++-++++-+mysql show columns from payment++-++++ Field Type Null Key Default Extra++-++++ payment_id int(11) NO PRI NULL auto_increment order_id int(11) YES NULL order_date date YES NULL payment_type varchar(10) YES NULL payment_descr iption varchar(20) YES NULL amount float(6,2) YES NULL ++-++++3.4. Database standardisation (Appendices)1NFcustomer(cust_id,cust_name,cust_address,cust_city)order (order_id, cust_id*,item_id*, quantity, item_price,total_price)payment(order_id*,payment_id,payment_type,payment_description,amount)2NFcustomer(cust_id,cust_name,cust_address,cust_city)order (order_id,cust_id*,quantity,total_price)payment(order_id*,payment_id,payment_type,payment_description,amount)item(item_id ,item_name, item_price,item_description)3NFcustomer(cust_id,cust_name,cust_address,cust_city)ordered_item(order_id,quantity,total_price)payment(order_id*,payment_id,amount)item(item_id ,item_name, item_price, item_description)payment_type(payment_type,payment_description)3.5. Entity RelationshipThere are three kinds of blood.One-to-one relationship means that one of each thing is used in the relationshipOne-to-many relationship means one row in one table is linked to many row in another table.Many-to-many relationship means many rows in one table are linked to many rows in another table.3.5. SQL QUERIESTalking to Databases Using SQLSQL is an abbreviation for Structured Query Language. It is a affect natural language that allows us to talk to relational databases, such as MySQL, to request and specify data. It also allows us to get information about and modify the framework that contains the data, databases themselves, and tables in spite of appearance them. The queries formed with SQL can range from the simple to the very complex, which makes it an extremely powerful tool for working with dataInserting, Updating, Selecting and Deleting.Insert data into database tableThe INSERT INTO program line is used to add new record in a table.SyntaxINSERT INTO table_nameVALUES (value1, value2) referencemysql INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS VALUES(- 10,Gnahore Hortense,34 webster road,Bermondsey),- (11,Kouakou Nkruma,10 salisbury court,London)mysql SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS++++ CustID appellation ADD RESS CITY++++ 10 Gnahore Hortense 34 webster road Bermondsey 11 Kouakou Nkruma 10 salisbury court London++++Select data from a database table.The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.SyntaxSELECT column_name referenceFROM table_namemysql SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS++++ CustID NAME ADDRESS CITY++++ 10 Gnahore Hortense 34 webster road Bermondsey 11 Kouakou Nkruma 10 salisbury court London++++Update data in a database existing records in a table.The UPDATE statement is used to modify data in a table.SyntaxUPDATE table_nameSET column1=value, column2=value2 ReferenceWHERE some_column=some_value.mysql UPDATE CUSTOMERS- SET ADDRESS =45 clement road- WHERE CustID =11Delete data in a databaseThe DELETE FROM statement is used to delete records from a database.SyntaxDELETE FROM table_nameWHERE some_column= some value reference3.6. Web Database StructureHome pageverbal description of home page3.6.1. Menu structureBAKERY FEYASSEMAIN MENUCUSTOMER ITEM ORDER PAYMENTP age description3.6.1.1. Order page structureBAKERY FEYASSEORDERSELECT ORDER ADD ORDER UPDATE ORDER DELETE ORDERPage description3.6.1.2. Select Order page3.6.1.3. Add Order Page3.6.1.4. Update Order page3.6.1.5. Delete Order pageSQL is not exclusive to MySQL, nor should it be mistaken as being a part of PHP. Its also not the only database query language out there. It is, however, the most popular. If you learn how to speak SQL, that knowledge translates to a range of other popular database products.Working with Existing Databases through PHPWhether you are using PHP and MySQL, or another combination, the same basic procedure for working with a database applies.First, a connection to the database server is established. This connection usually lasts for the lifetime of the running script. Additionally, as you will later see, there are instances where they can be contiguous crosswise scripts.Next, a specific database is selected to work with. Only one database at a time can be selected per connection, but you can switch to different databases without terminating the connection. You can also have multiple connections established within the script, each with an independent selected database.Finally, once you have a connection established and a database selected, you can embark on to work with the tables within them by using SQL to issue various commands. Data can be retrieved, added, modified, or deleted, and changes can be made to the selected database itself.When finished, the connection to the database server is terminated manually with mysql_close(), or automatically with the end of the script.Lets take a closer look at each step separatelyThings to RememberMySQL is a popular relational database productSQL is a language used to communiate with MySQL (and other databases). It allows information to be retrevied, modified, and deleted. It also provides a means to modify databases and tables.Databases are similiar to associable arrays. Each database can contain on e or more tables. Each table is composed of records divided into fields.Working with a database through a PHP script follows this basic process Connect to the server, select a database, perform any queries on the database, close the connection.SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE make up SQLs data manipulation commands.The data retreived from a table can be limited in different ways Specific columns can be returned by including them within the query, the WHERE clause can be used to to include or exclude specific records, and LIMIT can cap the number of entries that are returned.Results can be sorted using the ORDER BY clause. By default, String Type fields are sorted alphabetically Numeric Type fields are sorted from smallest to largest.When creating a new table in a database, a unique table name must be contract. In addition, a name, field type, and length are defined for each column in the table.In almost every case, a table should have an AUTO_INCREMENT Primary ID column defined.A ll of PHPs MySQL handling functions return dour if there is an error in the query or the query fails. Using mysql_error() returns the exact error reported by MySQL.Connecting to MySQLJust like a multi-user computer system or an FTP server, MySQL allows different user accounts to be established with individual levels of access. To establish a connection to MySQL, three pieces of information are required the hostname of the database server, the username for the account, and the associated password.This information is passed to the mysql_connect() function, which attempts to establish the connection$connect = mysql_connect(hostname,username,password)The function returns a value TRUE on success, and FALSE on failure, so it is useful (though not necessary) to assign the function to a variable. In the above example, $connect is used. It can be evaluated to avoid performing any additional queries if the connection attempt failedif ($connect==FALSE) print Database connection failedexitIt i s also useful to store the results in a variable because the function returns a unique connection identifier upon success. The variable then can be passed to any of PHPs MySQL handling functions (typically as the second parameter) to specify thatthisdatabase connection should be used, as opposed to any other active ones within the script.Selecting a DatabaseOnce a connection is set up, the next step is to select a database. To do this, all that is needed is the name of an existing databasemysql_select_db(database)As with mysql_connect(), this function returns TRUE or FALSE depending on whether the database was successfully selected. To specify which connection the function should use, we can pass a connection identifier to the functionmysql_select_db(database,$connect)Without the second parameter, the function uses the database connection that was last established within the script.Querying the DatabaseThe mysql_query() function is essentially a PHP wrapper for performing SQL comman ds. Any valid and complete SQL statement can be passed as a parameter to this function.Four types of queries make up SQLs data manipulation statements. They are as follows SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE.SELECTThe SELECT query is used to retrieve data from one or more tables within a database. As youll learn later, we can also select data from multiple tables using Table Joins, but the simplest type of SELECT statement works with only one table at a time. The syntax looks like thisSELECT * FROM usersEssentially, this statement says, Select all the fields in all the rows of the table called users. The asterisk is a wild card character that tells MySQL that it should grab anything available in the specified tables.To request this data from a PHP script, we pass the query to the mysql_query () function. Because we are expecting records to be returned from the database, the function must be assigned to a variable. The query is a string, so PHP requires it to be surrounded by quotes. (Variables are often passed as part of queries and SQL requires that string values in WHERE clauses and INSERT statements be surrounded with single quotes. though single quotes can be used here, it is generally preferable to use double quotes for clarity.)$result = mysql_query (SELECT * FROM users)Just like mysql_connect () and mysql_select_db (), this function will return FALSE if there is an error in the SQL. If the function is successful, however, $result will hold a resource identifier.Because the variable just holds an identifier, we cannot get any of our records by outputting $result. To get the data, we need to pass the result to another PHP function, mysql_fetch_array (). This function returns an array of each record from a SELECT query, line by line. Unless you know for a fact that your query will only return a single record, it is advisable to use a while loop to itinerate through each row of the result set. The function maintains an internal place mark of which record it is on, so the loop will terminate once all of the records have been returned. Lets return to our prototype database from the start of the article and the select statement above to see how you would output the datawhile ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) print $rowid.,.$rowname.,.$rowemail.Notice that the array indexes of $row fit out the column names of the table. The array generated by mysql_fetch_array() can optionally be an associative or a numeric array. By default, records are accessible by both types of keys. So, the id column (the first column in the table) can be accessed as $rowid or $row0INSERTINSERT is used to add a new record to a table. The syntax looks like thismysql_query(INSERT INTO users (id,name,email) VALUES(,Name, emailprotected)By now, the first part of this query should look fairly familiar to you. It begins with the SQL command we are going to perform, in this case INSERT. Because we are inserting a new record, INTO is included, followed by the name of the table we are adding it to.The first set of parentheses surrounds a list of the fields within the table. These must be listed in the same order that they occur in the actual table.The second portion defines the values that are going to be added. They must retard the order of the fields within the query and the table for them to be inserted in the proper location.Like the field names, SQL requires that each value be surrounded by quotes, because they are strings. If there is no value to be inserted, the position for the value must still be reserved by using empty quotes.If you are inserting values for all of the fields, the field listing may be left outmysql_query(INSERT INTO users VALUES(,Name, emailprotected)MySQL will insert the values into the columns in the order that they appear.UPDATESo far weve covered sele